RBI Deputy Governor T Rabi Sankar has talked about the reforms undertaken in financial benchmark administration in India as the LIBOR era is set to end. London Interbank Offer Rate (LIBOR) is the global reference rate for unsecured short-term borrowing in the interbank market.
Speaking on ‘Financial Benchmarks in India: A Coming of Age’, he said robust alternative benchmarks instead of LIBOR will promote financial stability by improving transparency in pricing and reducing information asymmetry.
“Use of benchmarks in valuation helps ascertain the fair value of a financial instrument and incentivizes trading in the instrument. Financial benchmarks also facilitate monetary policy transmission and help assess the efficacy of such transmission,” he said.
He said financial benchmarks, used as a reference for pricing, valuation, and settlement of financial instruments, were a key driver of the price integrity of financial markets.
From deciding the interest rate on a retail loan to determining the pay-off in a complex derivative, financial benchmarks are ubiquitous and deeply embedded in financial systems.
T Rabi Sankar also said well-designed, robust benchmarks that are reliable and resistant to manipulation are critical for the stability of the financial system.
Talking about the loss of trust in LIBOR, he said critical to the emergence of financial benchmarks and their use is credibility and trust that the benchmarks accurately reflect the price of the referenced financial instrument. “The core issue at the loss of trust in the LIBOR lay in its measurement methodology — the fact that it relied on estimates — as well as the inadequacy of its governance framework,” he said.
He said this triggered a series of reforms aimed primarily at changing reliance to actual traded prices and improving the integrity of benchmark administration. The resultant International Organization of Securities Commissions (IOSCO) Principles for Financial Benchmarks is today the overarching framework for ensuring best practices for benchmark administrators and submitters, according to the deputy governor.
Talking of steps taken by the central bank, he said in the backdrop of the global developments, RBI constituted a committee in 2013 chaired by P Vijaya Bhaskar, then executive director to recommend sturdy practices for financial benchmarks.
The committee made several important recommendations including creating an independent structure, separate from FIMMDA and FEDAI, the then benchmark administrators for the Indian Rupee interest rates and forex benchmarks respectively, for administration of the benchmarks.
“This, as we all know, led to the formation of FBIL,” he said.
The Deputy Governor said the Committee also recommended that benchmark administrators be subject to regulatory oversight. In 2019, RBI issued the Directions on Financial Benchmark Administrators putting in place a regulatory framework for benchmark administrators in the markets regulated by it.
These directions apply to ‘significant benchmarks’ taking into consideration their use, efficiency, and relevance in domestic financial markets while providing flexibility to the administrators with regard to other benchmarks and facilitating the development of newer benchmarks.
The Deputy Governor said the central bank has notified the list of significant benchmarks in these markets and put in place an oversight framework for the administrators of significant benchmarks. Several enhancements have been carried out to the benchmark computation and administration process by FBIL since its inception.
Challenges
While speaking on challenges for a sturdy benchmark, he said all benchmarks are susceptible to weaknesses arising from the non-zero probability of errors of omission and commission, the liquidity and diversification of underlying markets, and technology-induced changes in market microstructure
He said there was a need for constant vigilance on all these fronts even in the most liquid of markets. The need for vigilance is stronger still in the case of benchmarks in less liquid, illiquid markets where benchmarks are based on polling and or model-based rates.
